Left Corner
Russia
Legitimate Space Activities; No Intentional Harm to Saudi Arabia
Russia asserts its space program operates within international norms, emphasizing its right to bilateral cooperation without malicious intent. Moscow denies knowingly providing intelligence specifically for attacks on Saudi Arabia and highlights the broad availability of satellite data.
Sovereign Cooperation
Russia maintains its right to engage in space cooperation with any nation, including Iran, for legitimate civilian or defense purposes.
Open Source Data
Much satellite data is commercially or publicly available globally, making it difficult to control its end-use or attribute specific intelligence provision.
Deny Malice
Russia denies any deliberate or direct role in facilitating attacks against Saudi Arabia and states its foreign policy aims to reduce regional tensions.